C. Local Siting. In states where projects do not trigger state siting jurisdiction, and in states with no state siting process, wind energy projects are permitted by the local jurisdiction. For typical rural wind energy projects, this is almost always a county (as opposed to a city governing body).
The county governing body, e.g., a board of commissioners or board of adjustment, typically approves and issues a permit for siting and development. In most counties throughout the United States, a wind power project is conditionally allowed in rural land use zones.
On average, siting wind energy facilities through a state siting process takes longer than doing so through a local process, as more documentation is typically required at the state level. In Oregon, for instance, the issuance of a site certificate for a wind project may take from 12 to 18 months or more if there is heavy opposition.
B. State Siting. A few states, including Oregon, North Dakota, and Minnesota, have state siting councils or boards that have “one-stop” mandatory siting jurisdiction over permits for wind energy facilities exceeding certain sizes. California has a state siting body that has no jurisdiction over wind energy facilities.
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