On the other hand, references [35, 36] do not consider the impact of energy storage utilizing peak and off-peak electricity price arbitrage on the peak-shaving cost of the power system, thus failing to fully utilize the peak-shaving capabilities of energy storage.
By 2030, the scale of energy storage will expand rapidly, becoming the second largest peak-shaving resource in addition to thermal power units, as shown in Table 1. With the abundance of peak-shaving resources and the development of power auxiliary service market, the optimization of peak-shaving cost of power system has become an urgent problem.
All thermal power units have no change in the start-stop state in 24 periods, so there is no start-stop peak-shaving cost. The consumption of renewable energy in typical winter days is shown in Fig. 13. It can be seen that there are different degrees of renewable energy abandonment during periods 12–17.
To analyze this phenomenon, we can observe the charging and discharging periods of energy storage in Fig. 8, Fig. 11. The time-of-use electricity price makes the price gap between peak, flat and valley periods large, and has the role of guiding energy storage to “cut peak and fill valley”.
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