This technology strategy assessment on lead acid batteries, released as part of the Long-Duration Storage Shot, contains the findings from the Storage Innovations (SI) 2030 strategic initiative.
The main components inside a lead-acid battery include lead dioxide, sponge lead, sulfuric acid, separators, and the battery casing. These components interact to facilitate energy storage and discharge. Understanding each part's role helps in appreciating how lead-acid batteries work.
Lead-acid battery is a type of secondary battery which uses a positive electrode of brown lead oxide (sometimes called lead peroxide), a negative electrode of metallic lead and an electrolyte of sulfuric acid (in either liquid or gel form). The overall cell reaction of a typical lead-acid cell is:
Lead acid batteries function through a series of chemical reactions. When discharging, lead dioxide (PbO2) at the positive plate reacts with spongy lead (Pb) at the negative plate, producing lead sulfate (PbSO4) and releasing electrical energy.
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