U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost
We show bottom-up manufacturing analyses for modules, inverters, and energy storage components, and we model unique costs related to community solar installations. We also account for PV
Read more about the different solar financing options available. In 2025, solar.com Energy Advisors typically recommend using a solar loan to finance a solar system — if the homeowner can efficiently monetize the 30% federal tax credit. If they can't, then a solar lease or PPA is the best option.
In 2025, solar.com Energy Advisors typically recommend using a solar loan to finance a solar system — if the homeowner can efficiently monetize the 30% federal tax credit. If they can't, then a solar lease or PPA is the best option. Want to see your solar savings potential?
For instance, many residential customers finance their PV systems, but the benchmarks exclude financing costs, which can represent around 20% of reported market prices. For further research on the complexity of PV markets and reported market prices, see Gillingham et al. (2016) and Barbose et al. (2022).
The credits for PV system owners are based either on the upfront cost of the system (Section 48/48E Investment Tax Credit or ITC) or the electricity generated by the system (Section 45(d)/45Y Production Tax Credit or PTC).
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