Although most power flowing on the transmission and distribution grid originates at large power generators, power is sometimes also supplied back to the grid by end users via Distributed Energy Resources (DER)— small, modular, energy generation and storage . Although most power flowing on the transmission and distribution grid originates at large power generators, power is sometimes also supplied back to the grid by end users via Distributed Energy Resources (DER)— small, modular, energy generation and storage . The electricity supply chain consists of three primary segments: generation, where electricity is produced; transmission, which moves power over long distances via high-voltage power lines; and distribution, which moves power over shorter distances to end users (homes, businesses, industrial sites. As the penetration of distributed renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, increases rapidly in the distribution network, the resulting uncertainty poses significant challenges to the power system. In order to enhance power quality and power system economy, this paper. What is distribution network energy storage? 1. Distribution network energy storage refers to systems integrated within the energy distribution network that store energy for later use. The strategic placement and appropriate sizing of these systems have the potential to significantly enhance the overall performance of the network.