This study is a multi-national-laboratory effort to assess the potential value of demand response and energy storage to electricity systems with different penetration levels of variable renewable resources and to improve our understanding of associated markets and institutions. This study was. Replacing fossil fuel-based power generation with power generation from wind and solar resources is a key strategy for decarbonizing electricity. Storage enables electricity systems to remain in balance despite variations in wind and solar availability, allowing for cost-effective deep. With the rapid integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, multiple types of energy storage technologies have been widely used to improve renewable energy generation and promote the development of sustainable energy systems. Currently, the huge expenses of energy storage is a significant constraint on the economic viability of wind-solar integration.